The Tonfa is a versatile wooden weapon used in pairs, typically crafted from Red or White Oak. While the shape of the shaft can vary from round to rectangular, its length follows the same traditional requirement as the Sai: when gripped, the shaft should extend approximately 3cm past the elbow to provide adequate forearm protection and striking surface.
Weight is paramount to the efficient usage of the Tonfa. If the wood is too light, the weapon lacks the percussive power needed for Kumite; if it is too heavy, the techniques become slow and ponderous. Mastery of the Tonfa generates considerable centrifugal force, which, when combined with skillful footwork and body movement, makes it a formidable defensive and offensive tool.
The origins of the Tonfa can be traced back to China and throughout Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. While popular Okinawan lore often links the weapon to rice millstone handles or horse bridles, these connections may be more functional than historical.
It is likely that the weapon was introduced to Okinawa through trade with southern China or Southeast Asia. However, enterprising Okinawans may have "back-adapted" the weapon’s use to resemble common agricultural tools—like the mill handle—to disguise their martial practice from authorities. While only a few "traditional" kata exist, many modern training forms have been developed to explore its unique mechanical advantages.
Courtesy of RKAGB
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